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Date: Wed, 20 Apr 94 14:33:36 PDT From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #438 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Wed, 20 Apr 94 Volume 94 : Issue 438 Today's Topics: 10Mhz WWV Receiver Antenna Hamfest Help Help: form-310 Internet > Packet gateways?? IPS Daily Report - 19 April 94 Kenwood TH-78A *OR* Yaesu FT-530 Last Minute Dayton Questions mail list Missing: Good HF Propagation PLEASE HELP: Take MBTI/Classical-Romantic Sorter radio in caves Unidentified Signals on 15 Meters Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 20 Apr 94 19:58:24 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: 10Mhz WWV Receiver Antenna To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I recently acquired a "Heath Most Accurate Clock II" (I was surprised they were still in business) and I am having a problem with reception. The unit only receives WWV/H on 10 Mhz. Heath sells a dipole but I am not in a position to be able to install one. It is being used here at work to keep my LAN file server clock synchronized. Our building has an available mast mount available so I am looking for some kind of mast mounted gain antenna (directional if possible) for 10 Mhz. Does anyone know where such an antenna could be obtained? I have checked the various dealer magazines and the closest things I can find are tri-banders which cover the 30M band. ****************************************************************************** * Robert G. Schaffrath, N2JTX * Internet: rgs%wpmax2%gfimda@uunet.uu.net * * Systems Engineer * CompuServe: 76330,1057 * * Maxwell House Coffee Company * Phone: 914-335-2777 * * Kraft General Foods Corp. * Slogan: "ervice is ur mott" * ****************************************************************************** ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 94 19:14:31 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: Hamfest Help To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Anybody know when the Rochester (used to br Dearfield), New Hampshire hamfest is going to be????? Clark Fishman WA2UNN cfishman@pica.army.mil ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 19 Apr 1994 02:54:25 GMT From: news.iij.ad.jp!wnoc-tyo-news!aist-nara!wnoc-kyo-news!hiroshima-u!grape!humpty!ka2sho.mis.hiroshima-u.ac.jp!harada@uunet.uu.net Subject: Help: form-310 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Hi, amateur buffs, My American callsign expires 6/22/94. I have already mailed to FCC requesting a copy of FORM-310. So far, no answer from them. Even though there is a grace period, I would like to do the paper work right now. If you have a spare FORM-310, may I have it? I have my mailing address in U.S. However, getting the form in Japan is much more convenient for me. Waiting for your e-mail. 73 de ka2sho (== ja4mci) -- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Koichi Harada Hiroshima University harada@aspen.mis.hiroshima-u.ac.jp 81(Japan) 824-24-6475 (voice) 824-24-0756 (FAX) ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 19 Apr 1994 23:45:04 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!library.ucla.edu!news.ucdavis.edu!csus.edu!netcom.com!parker@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Internet > Packet gateways?? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu You can try telnetting into 44.16.0.61. That's the JPL Internet link in Pasadena. They might still have the direct conference link which is a 3600 port number, so just add 3600 at the end of the telnet address. As far as I know, there is no password required. Good luck. -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Andrew Parker | KD6TGM | parker@netcom.com | |---------------------------------------------------------------------- | This signature is extra lean. It will not contain more than 15% fat.| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 19 Apr 1994 23:08:39 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!sunic!trane.uninett.no!nac.no!ifi.uio.no!wabbit.cc.uow.edu.au!metro!ipso!rwc@network.ucsd.edu Subject: IPS Daily Report - 19 April 94 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu SUBJ: IPS DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT ISSUED AT 19/2330Z APRIL 1994 BY IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES FROM THE REGIONAL WARNING CENTRE (RWC), SYDNEY. SUMMARY FOR 19 APRIL AND FORECAST UP TO 22 APRIL IPS Warning 11 was issued on 15 April and expires today. ----------------------------------------------------------- 1A. SOLAR SUMMARY Activity: low Flares: none. Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number : 085/027 1B. SOLAR FORECAST 20 April 21 April 22 April Activity Low Very low Very low Fadeouts None expected None expected None expected Forecast 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number : 085/027 1C. SOLAR COMMENT None. ----------------------------------------------------------- 2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY Geomagnetic field at Learmonth: mostly quiet to unsettled, with one active period. Estimated Indices : A K Observed A Index 18 April Learmonth 12 4333 2222 Fredericksburg 17 20 Planetary 18 19 Observed Kp for 18 April: 3443 4433 2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST DATE Ap CONDITIONS 20 Apr 15 Unsettled. 21 Apr 12 Quiet to unsettled. 22 Apr 12 Quiet to unsettled. 2C. MAGNETIC COMMENT None. 3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY LATITUDE BAND DATE LOW MIDDLE HIGH 19 Apr normal normal fair PCA Event : None. 3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST LATITUDE BAND DATE LOW MIDDLE HIGH 20 Apr normal normal fair 21 Apr normal normal fair 22 Apr normal normal fair 3C. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION COMMENT HF comms quality should continue to improve. ----------------------------------------------------------- 4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY MUFs at Sydney were near predicted monthly values Observed T index for 19 April: 40 Predicted Monthly T Index for April is 40. 4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST DATE T-index MUFs 20 Apr 40 Near predicted monthly values. 21 Apr 40 Near predicted monthly values. 22 Apr 40 Near predicted monthly values. 4C. AUSTRALIAN REGION COMMENT Some spread F observed during local night. Propagation conditions should continue to improve. -- IPS Regional Warning Centre, Sydney |IPS Radio and Space Services email: rwc@ips.oz.au fax: +61 2 4148331 |PO Box 5606 RWC Duty Forecaster tel: +61 2 4148329 |West Chatswood NSW 2057 Recorded Message tel: +61 2 4148330 |AUSTRALIA ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 94 19:58:24 GMT From: sdd.hp.com!nobody@hplabs.hp.com Subject: Kenwood TH-78A *OR* Yaesu FT-530 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I have a TH-78A. I'd like to point out a couple of misconceptions below: In article <STEVE.94Apr19184558@hobbes.vigra.com> steve@vigra.com writes: >The Yaesu has "CTCSS" included while it's an extra option on the >Kenwood. This is not true. The Kenwood has both PL encode and decode (the decode is somewhat useful for screening out intermod.). The Kenwood does not have PL scan. (BTW, PL and CTCSS are synonyms which describe the use of a subaudible tone to break squelch on a receiver. Many repeaters require a PL tone in order for them to key up.) >The Yaesu has 82 memories, the Kenwood 50 (expandable to 250?). The >Yaesu has a light-up keypad, and I don't think the Kenwood does. The TH-78's keypad is lit. This is not true for the single band TH-28 and TH-48. Note also that the memory capacity is cut in half if you use the 6 character labels. Despite some deficiencies, I have been happy with my 78. The 6 character display is a real winner for me. Maybe I just have a weak mind, but I find it extremely useful to have 6 characters to remind me what is in each of my 100+ programmed memories. The deficiencies I have noticed are: 1: Intermod. I live in direct line of sight with, and about two miles away from a mountaintop packed with commercial transmitters (Mount Soledad for you locals). Let us say that it is an RF rich environment. 2M repeaters without PL are all but useless to me from home. Even the machines with PL are difficult for me to copy sometimes. 440 is OK, though. 2: User Interface. Let's just say arcane, complex, nonintuitive, difficult. I don't know if this is any different than on any other HT. The workarounds for the above problems are trivial: I only use 440 at home. I have no intermod problems out in the woods mountain biking. And I have a quick ref card which describes most of the things I need to do. Again I've been very happy with my TH-78A. If you don't care about the alphanumeric display, the Yaesu is almost certainly as good or better. If intermod bothers you very much, I have heard that Standard radios are good in that regard. Good luck with your choice! -- Craig Bosworth, KD6WQH Hewlett-Packard, San Diego Division craigb@sdd.hp.com 619 592-8609 ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 94 17:50:05 GMT From: agate!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!math.ohio-state.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!gatech!birdie-blue.cis.pitt.edu!pitt.edu!ebe@ucbvax.berkeley.edu Subject: Last Minute Dayton Questions To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I realize these might be FAQs but I've scanned the old message headers at our site and have not seen any discussion. What happened with the Dayton buses? Last I heard the only bus transportation being provided was by the hotels. I've been going to Dayton for more years then I can remember and this was the first year the pre-registration package didn't show up. Did everyone else get theirs? (Just wondering how long the line will be.) Elmer Beachley N3KIL ebe+@pitt.edu ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 94 20:40:53 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: mail list To: info-hams@ucsd.edu subscribe mail list Evert Halbach ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 94 17:52:17 GMT From: agate!overload.lbl.gov!dog.ee.lbl.gov!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!convex!convex!neptune!cowart@ucbvax.berkeley.edu Subject: Missing: Good HF Propagation To: info-hams@ucsd.edu ham@wam.umd.edu (Scott Richard Rosenfeld) writes: >Missing: Decent HF Propagation. Last seen about 2 weeks ago, floating >through the ether at around 14.020 MHz. However, it has been slowly >going away for about 4 years, since I last worked India with my dipole. >If anyone should find my missing propagation, PLEASE send it to: >ham@wam.umd.edu or just send it in the direction of Burtonsville, MD. >I miss it very much, and would really like it back. >Thanks, and 73 >Scott NF3I Hey Scott, 20 meters was wide open last night at 0400Z, maybe longer (that's when I went to bed)! Short skip (300 miles), medium skip (1000 miles) and long skip (South Pacific)!! Are you sharing that propagation? %^) 73's, Mike WA5CMI ------------------------------ Date: 19 Apr 1994 17:31:01 -0400 From: sgiblab!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!news.ans.net!hp81.prod.aol.net!search01.news.aol.com!not-for-mail@ames.arpa Subject: PLEASE HELP: Take MBTI/Classical-Romantic Sorter To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I know...I know...This is off topic. But I need a wide sample and the end of the semester is near. Please have mercy and make an exception... :-) Thanks! ------------------------------------------------------------ MBTI/CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC SELF-ASSOCIATION SORTER ------------------------------------------------------------ The following survey is intended to determine what correlation, if any, exists between Myers-Briggs attitude types and romantic/classical self-associations. Correlations will be determined through the analysis of statistical data representing the results of this questionnaire. MBTI tendencies will be ascertained by analyzing responses to the Keirsey Temperament Sorter. Romantic/classical self-associations will be determined by analyzing respondent selections from lists of word-pairs and various multiple choice questions. If you participate in this survey, please specify you internet address below and I will send you an analysis of the results of this survey as well as your personal MBTI and classical/romantic self-association results. Thanks in advance for helping me with this project. Sincerely, William Wise (Internet: WillWise@aol.com) YOUR INTERNET ADDRESS : ____________________________________ If this survey has reached you through a local system (not through the internet), simply state that you would like to receive your results in the space provided above. ------------------------------------------------------------ SECTION I - KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER (MBTI) ------------------------------------------------------------ PLEASE READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY Select only ONE answer from each pair of possible responses. Indicate your answer with an 'X' placed between the appropriate set of brackets. NOTE: If you are already familiar with your personal Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or Keirsey Temperament Sorter result you may specify it in the space provided immediately below and skip to SECTION II of the survey. PREVIOUS MBTI RESULT, IF ANY : [ ] If you have taken the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or Keirsey Temperament Sorter before and remember your test result please record it in the space provided above and skip to SECTION II of the survey. This test is Copyright (C) 1978 By David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates. 01. At a party do you [ ] interact with many, including strangers [ ] interact with a few, known to you 02. Are you more [ ] realistic than speculative [ ] speculative than realistic 03. Is it worse to [ ] have your "head in the clouds" [ ] be "in a rut" 04. Are you more impressed by [ ] principles [ ] emotions 05. Are you more drawn toward the [ ] convincing [ ] touching 06. Do you prefer to work [ ] to deadlines [ ] just "whenever" 07. Do you tend to choose [ ] rather carefully [ ] somewhat impulsively 08. At parties do you [ ] stay late, with increasing energy [ ] leave early, with decreased energy 09. Are you more attracted to [ ] sensible people [ ] imaginative people 10. Are you more interested in [ ] what is actual [ ] what is possible 11. In judging others are you most swayed by [ ] laws than circumstances [ ] circumstances than laws 12. In approaching others is your inclination to be somewhat [ ] objective [ ] personal 13. Are you more [ ] punctual [ ] leisurely 14. Does it bother you more having things [ ] incomplete [ ] completed 15. In your social groups do you [ ] keep abreast of other's happenings [ ] get behind on the news 16. In doing ordinary things are you more likely to [ ] do it the usual way [ ] do it your own way 17. Writers should [ ] "say what they mean and mean what they say" [ ] express things more by use of analogy 18. Which appeals to you more [ ] consistency of thought [ ] harmonious human relationships 19. Are you more comfortable in making [ ] logical judgments [ ] value judgments 20. Do you want things [ ] settled and decided [ ] unsettled and undecided 21. Would you say you are more [ ] serious and determined [ ] easy-going 22. In phoning do you [ ] rarely question it will all be said [ ] rehearse what you'll say 23. Facts [ ] "speak for themselves" [ ] illustrate principles 24. Are visionaries [ ] somewhat annoying [ ] rather fascinating 25. Are you more often [ ] a cool-headed person [ ] a warm-hearted person 26. Is it worse to be [ ] unjust [ ] merciless 27. Should one usually let events occur [ ] by careful selection and choice [ ] randomly and by chance 28. Do you feel better about [ ] having purchased [ ] having the option to buy 29. In company do you [ ] initiate conversation [ ] wait to be approached 30. Common sense is [ ] rarely questioned [ ] frequently questionable 31. Children often do not [ ] make themselves useful enough [ ] exercise their fantasy enough 32. In making decisions do you feel more comfortable with [ ] standards [ ] feelings 33. Are you more [ ] firm than gentle [ ] gentle than firm 34. Which is more admirable [ ] the ability to organize and be methodical [ ] the ability to adapt and make do 35. Do you put more value on the [ ] definite [ ] open-ended 36. Does new and non-routine interaction with others [ ] stimulate and energize you [ ] tax your reserves 37. Are you more frequently [ ] a practical sort of person [ ] a fanciful sort of person 38. Are you more likely to [ ] see how others are useful [ ] see how others see 39. Which is more satisfying: [ ] to discuss an issue thoroughly [ ] to arrive at agreement on an issue 40. Which rules you more: [ ] your head [ ] your heart 41. Are you more comfortable with work that is [ ] contracted [ ] done on a casual basis 42. Do you tend to look for [ ] the orderly [ ] whatever turns up 43. Do you prefer [ ] many friends with brief contact [ ] a few friends with more lengthy contact 44. Do you go more by [ ] facts [ ] principles 45. Are you more interested in [ ] production and distribution [ ] design and research 46. Which is more of a compliment: [ ] "There is a very logical person." [ ] "There is a very sentimental person." 47. Do you value in yourself more that you are [ ] unwavering [ ] devoted 48. Do you more often prefer the [ ] final and unalterable statement [ ] tentative and preliminary statement 49. Are you more comfortable [ ] after a decision [ ] before a decision 50. Do you [ ] Speak easily and at length with strangers [ ] find little to say to strangers 51. Are you more likely to trust your [ ] experience [ ] hunch 52. Do you feel [ ] more practical than ingenious [ ] more ingenious than practical 53. Which person is more to be complimented: on of [ ] clear reason [ ] strong feelings 54. Are you inclined more to be [ ] fair-minded [ ] sympathetic 55. Is it preferable mostly to [ ] make sure things are arranged [ ] just let things happen 56. In relationships should most things be [ ] re-negotiable [ ] random and circumstantial 57. When the phone rings do you [ ] hasten to get to it first [ ] hope someone else will answer 58. Do you prize more in yourself [ ] a strong sense of reality [ ] a vivid imagination 59. Are you drawn more to [ ] fundamentals [ ] overtones 60. Which seems the greater error: [ ] to be too passionate [ ] to be too objective 61. Do you see yourself as basically [ ] hard-headed [ ] soft-hearted 62. Which situation appeals to you more: [ ] the structured and scheduled [ ] the unstructured and unscheduled 63. Are you a person that is more [ ] routinized than whimsical [ ] whimsical than routinized 64. Are you more inclined to be [ ] easy to approach [ ] somewhat reserved 65. In writings to you prefer [ ] the more literal [ ] the more figurative 66. Is it harder for you to [ ] identify with others [ ] utilize others 67. Which do you wish more for yourself [ ] clarity of reason [ ] strength of compassion 68. Which is the greater fault: [ ] being indiscriminate [ ] being critical 69. Do you prefer the [ ] planned event [ ] unplanned event 70. Do you tend to be more [ ] deliberate than spontaneous [ ] spontaneous than deliberate ------------------------------------------------------------ SECTION II - CLASSICAL/ROMANTIC SELF-ASSOCIATION SORTER ------------------------------------------------------------ 01. [ ] Appolinian [ ] Dionysian 02. [ ] Simplicity [ ] Complexity 03. [ ] Restraint [ ] Uninhibited 04. [ ] Satisfied [ ] Insatiable 05. [ ] Pure [ ] Intermingled 06. [ ] Eternal [ ] Eternity 07. [ ] Divine [ ] Mystical 08. [ ] Planned [ ] Spontaneous 09. [ ] Thoughts [ ] Feelings 10. [ ] Serene [ ] Untamed 11. [ ] Ideal [ ] Imperfect/Real 12. [ ] Elegant [ ] Raw 13. [ ] Linear [ ] Erratic 14. [ ] Order [ ] Chaos 15. [ ] Level-headed [ ] Intoxicated 16. [ ] Lawful [ ] Decadent 17. [ ] Communal [ ] Individual 18. [ ] Traditional [ ] Novel 19. [ ] Balanced [ ] Active 20. [ ] Relational [ ] Personal 21. [ ] Rational [ ] Irrational 22. [ ] Calm [ ] Energizing 23. [ ] Untroubled [ ] Stimulating 24. [ ] Tranquil [ ] Exciting 25. [ ] Certainty [ ] Surprise 26. [ ] Placid [ ] Ecstatic 27. [ ] Non-confrontational [ ] Bold 28. [ ] Mind [ ] Heart 29. [ ] Reason [ ] Emotion 30. [ ] Public [ ] Private 31. [ ] Control [ ] Energy 32. [ ] Grid [ ] Tangle 33. [ ] True [ ] Satisfying 34. [ ] Limit [ ] Unlimited 35. [ ] Harmony [ ] Excitement 36. [ ] God [ ] Nature 37. [ ] Pre-planned [ ] Impulsive 38. [ ] Well-fitted [ ] Unique 39. [ ] Familiar [ ] Strange 40. [ ] Finite [ ] Infinite ------------------------------------------------------------ END OF SURVEY ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 19 Apr 1994 17:27:55 From: ncrgw2.ncr.com!ncrhub2!jupiter.WichitaKS.NCR.COM!WichitaKS.NCR.COM!kthompso@uunet.uu.net Subject: radio in caves To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <CoGzo9.K66@cup.hp.com> jholly@cup.hp.com (Jim Hollenback) writes: >From: jholly@cup.hp.com (Jim Hollenback) >Subject: Re: radio in caves >Date: Mon, 18 Apr 1994 19:33:44 GMT >John Derry (derry@NeXTwork.Rose-Hulman.Edu) wrote: >: howdy >: Question: What would be the best band for radio communication inside >: of caves. >: =============== >: Don; >: Write to the NSS. (Does it still exist?) There was an article on this >: quite a while back. >: 73 de Jack, K9CUN (used to be spelunker) >having never tried it, I would opt for 2 mtrs or 70 cm. Seems the VHF/ low >UHF would bounce around before being attenuated. I think HF would be absorbed. >Of course the range might be some what dismal, it is after all >line-of-sight :-) Generally in developed underground locations leaky coaxial cable is used to provide paths for radio signals. Are you exploring an undeveloped cave? ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 94 18:35:56 GMT From: dog.ee.lbl.gov!ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!not-for-mail@ucbvax.berkeley.edu Subject: Unidentified Signals on 15 Meters To: info-hams@ucsd.edu You can occasionally here some strange things on the ham bands but for the most part they can be dismissed as pirates, commercial intruders, harmonics, etc. Today at 1730 UTC (20 April) I heard the following. Can anyone identify what this is? Its source? Freq. Repeated CW 21.189.9 E E 21.199.3 T E E 21.281.4 T T T 21.285.0 T T These were all very weak. Seemed to peak NE/SW direction from Dallas. The signal characteristics lead me to believe that these are all from the same source. The signals continued the above modulation sequences for at least 15 minutes. kris AA5UO ------------------------------ Date: 20 Apr 1994 02:26:58 GMT From: sgiblab!swrinde!gatech!news-feed-1.peachnet.edu!apollo1.cacd.rockwell.com!newsrelay.iastate.edu!news.iastate.edu!sknapp@ames.arpa To: info-hams@ucsd.edu References <CoC5ns.JGC@scilink.org>, <WY1Z.94Apr16132358@bach.coe.neu.edu>, <1994Apr18.073427.9277@news.unr.edu>ock Subject : Re: dual band: is (one of) Yaesu, Icom, or Kenwood a good choice? I had an Icom 2SAT, then a 24AT, and ended up with a FT530. I love the backlit keypad and display. I like the size of the radio, and the 'quality feel' of the radio. The user interface needs work. The differences from my Icom's were minor and I got over it. But one thing I wish the 530 did was in SET mode (where some of the more 'obscure' settings are) the keys are all redefined but not labled. AND to help even more, you can not just hit a key to see what it is without changing that setting. I would like to have a way to poke around for a setting w/out changing anything. I really liked Icom's SET mode, it was a menu like thing where you used the arrow keys to choose the field, then the tuning knob to change that setting. Each radio has its quirks. Find the one where the quirks least annoy you. ________________________________________________________________________ Steven M. Knapp Computer Engineering Senior sknapp@iastate.edu Vice President Cyclone Amateur Radio Club Iowa State University; Ames, IA; USA Durham Center Operations Staff ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #438 ******************************